<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷體_GB2312"></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">一、我國助學(xué)貸款實(shí)施的背景和現(xiàn)狀</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song"></FONT></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">1998</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年經(jīng)中國人民銀行、教育部、財(cái)政部等部門共同研究，出臺國家助學(xué)貸款制度。這項(xiàng)工作，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">1999</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年先在北京、上海、天津、重慶、武漢、沈陽、西安、南京等八個城市開展試點(diǎn)，隨后又在全國全面推開。作為高校收費(fèi)改革的一個重要組成部分，其最終目標(biāo)是要逐步建立一個由國家、社會、學(xué)校和個人合理分擔(dān)高教培養(yǎng)成本的機(jī)制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">現(xiàn)行的助學(xué)貸款是由政府主導(dǎo)、財(cái)政貼息，通過財(cái)政和高校對放貸銀行提供一定的風(fēng)險補(bǔ)償金，以此來解決家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生的上學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)支出的問題。借款學(xué)生不需要辦理擔(dān)�；虻盅海珣�(yīng)當(dāng)按期還款，并且承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的法律責(zé)任。國家助學(xué)貸款規(guī)定每名學(xué)生每年可以貸款上限是６０００元，用以彌補(bǔ)其在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)期間的學(xué)費(fèi)、生活費(fèi)和住宿費(fèi)等。在校期間，貸款學(xué)生不需要承擔(dān)貸款利息，只是從畢業(yè)之后的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">個月之內(nèi)開始還貸，需要在畢業(yè)后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年內(nèi)還清。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">截止</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">2005</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">月底，全國累計(jì)已審批國家助學(xué)貸款學(xué)生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">206.8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">萬人，累計(jì)已審批合同金額</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋體, MS Song">172.7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">億元。早期的貸款學(xué)生已完成學(xué)業(yè)，開始進(jìn)入還款期。助學(xué)貸款對于緩解高等教育資源在我國供求矛盾與壓力、促進(jìn)教育機(jī)會公平、擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助面等方面發(fā)揮了日益重要的作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></B></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">二、目前我國的助學(xué)貸款體系存在的主要問題及其經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原因</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">在助學(xué)貸款政策執(zhí)行過程中，政府、學(xué)生、學(xué)校、銀行、家庭等行為主體由于信息的不確定性和利益的不一致性的存在，導(dǎo)致不同的行為主體在利益分配和成本承擔(dān)、機(jī)會主義、道德風(fēng)險等方面存在若干矛盾和問題：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font
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